No it is not reasonable for him to ask for a 24 hour notice, he wants you to come in Tuesday morning and say "Boss I won't be in on Wednesday because I will be sick" Not possible. The standard is two hours before your shift minimum.

There is no set time period for pay raises, some companies may have a certain time of the year where they will do reviews, but raises are not a guaranteed thing.

The minimum salary would be minimum wage. 

Give a two weeks notice.

Good luck and best wishes.