This is known as a "system of linear equations" or "two variables and two equations." With two letters and two different equations, a solution is easily found. Remember, each equation is a line. If two lines aren't parallel, then they intersect in a point. The point is the solution. Lets find the two coordinates of the point.
First, let's multiply the top equation by -2
X+Y=12
2X+Y=-5
becomes
-2X-2Y=-24
2X+Y=-5
Second, add the two equations together (2x and -2x are opposites)
-y=-29
Third, solve for y
y=29
Fourth, substitute into one of the two original equations and solve for x
x+29=12
x=-17
Have a great day.