The California Youth Authority and the Calfornia Correctional Facility are far harsher places to be.
If an incarcerated minor has children they can get court ordered visits with their child or they sign uo for a program where they interact with their child on the week-end. But the paperwork has to be in order. If the minor claims to be the father, his name has to be on the birth certificate.
The seriousness of the offense strongly determines what happens when a minor turns 18. Sometimes they are released. They can serve time for a juvenile crime until they are 26 in the CYA. If their crime is severe they cen go to the Men's Jail at 18 and then the California Correctional Facility.
Incarcerated minors get refiled if they commit another offense while being locked up.
The extra time depends on the offense. One kid was about to go home from juvie at the age of 18. He set fire to his bed and got another 7 years!