No, your hard drive is well sealed and will not ingest outside dust. A light coating of dust will not hurt anything.
You need to simply vacuum out any serious accumulation over time to prevent loss of airflow.
Depending on how dusty environment is, you would also want to check fans, cooling vents, and heat sinks for serious buildup every 6 to 12 months. Vacuuming and brushing with a soft brush is preferred to compressed air as it will not force debris into cooling fan bearings or optical drives. If you do use compressed air, hold fan blades while cleaning to prevent over-revving of fan mechanism.