There are some important differences :
The Antarctic is a land covered with thick ice, and the Arctic is just an ice layer on the sea.
Antarctic has many mountains, some of them reach the height of 3 km. and more.The Arctic is a flat area.
In antarctic the ice thickness reach 2.5 km. In the arctic the thickness rarely achieve more than few meters.
90% of all the world ice are in Antarctic.
The Lowest temperature was detected in Antarctic = -88.3 deg.(cel) in 1983.
In Antarctic there are a great quantity of valued minerals , like: Nickel, Gold, Silver, platinum, Iron....and more. In the Arctic you will not find, of course, any mineral.
In the arctic there is the north magnetic pole (at 78.18'' north, 104 west). Now it is moving 41 km/year to east.
There are a difference in wildlife too: In the arctic you can meet the white bears (not in Antarctic), And in antarctic you can meet many species of penguins (but none of them in the arctic).