It depends a lot on the shape of the object: a cone will move easier than a flat surface. if the flow is laminar - meaning there are no vortexex around the object as it moves - the resistance increases with the third power of the speed.

Hence if you are able to measure  5psi at 10mph, you could predict that you will have 5*2^3  = 40psi at 20mph, and 5*3^3 = 135psi at 30mph. At higher speeds the flow will become non-laminar, and this will increase the resistance even faster as we increase the speed.

There are no simple formulas, but some calculations can be made - this is the field of fluid dynamics. Any matter of practical consequence needs to be tested in wind tunnels or water pools, using rather sophisticated measuring tools and scale models.