What is the difference between white hat SEO and ...

In recent years, the terms white hat and black hat have been applied to the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) industry. Black hat SEO tactics, also called spamdexing, attempt to redirect search results to particular target pages in a fashion that is against the search engines' terms of service, whereas white hat methods are generally approved by the search engines. White hats tend to produce results that last a long time, whereas black hats anticipate that their sites may eventually be banned either temporarily or permanently once the search engines discover what they are doing.

Sources (wikipedia.org)

http://news.submitinme.com

White hat is doing things the right way.

Black hat is doing things that google doesnt approve of.

Source: Google SEO Techniques

Work againt google's turm and policy is black hat SEO,

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SEO

I like to think that SEO is a bit like Star Wars.  SEO is the force, and it can be used in either a 'good' way, or an 'evil' way.

It's best to operate within good practices, as it creates better, more sustainable results. 

Black-hat SEO often includes spamming, clocking, keyword-stuffing and hiding white text on a white background.  RSS feed scraping and similar splogging practices are also not uncommon among black-hatters.

White-hat SEO is also called 'Organic' SEO as it represents natural growth; it can be slow but is more worthwhile in the end.

Black-hat results tend to peak in the SERPS then drop down almost instantaneously, as Google cottons onto what's going on!

SEOMoz have some great articles on SEO if you're stuck!

Source : Myself @ SEO Nottingham

An SEO tactic, technique or method is considered "White hat" if it conforms to the search engines' guidelines and does not attempt to deceive it. White Hat SEO is not just about following guidelines, but is about ensuring that the content a search engine indexes and subsequently ranks is the same content a user will see.

White Hat advice is generally summed up as creating content for users, not for search engines, and then make that content easily accessible to their spiders. It is more about user friendliness and accessibility rather than about tilting the odds seriously in one’s favor.

Black hat" SEO employs more deceptive methods to try to improve rankings. The search engines usually disapprove these methods. This can range from text that is "hidden", either as text colored similar to the background or by redirecting users from a page that is built for search engines to one that is more human friendly. As a general rule, a method that sends a user to a page that was different to the page described in the search is called Black hat. Search engines can and do penalize sites they discover using black hat methods, either by reducing their rankings or eliminating their listings from their databases altogether. Such penalties can be applied either automatically by the search engines' algorithms, or by a manual review of a site.

in short

black hat is unethical just like spamdexing that may lead your site to be banned, while white hat follows rules and regulations and usually recommended by the pros...

Read http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=35291 for some additional insight.

Black hat seo are techniques used to rank high in search engines in a short time but it is illigitimate. This method is frowned upon by search engines. It shouldn't be done. White hat is the absence of black hat.