In physics is all about the amount of energy you need to transport a mass from one place to an other.
Work = Force x Distance
When you need a force of 1000 N to transfer a mass over 10 meter you spend 10.000 Joules
You can reach the same result with a force of 500 N but then you need to apply this force over 20 meters. This is exact what happens when you have only one pulley.
You have the same experience with a bicycle. In a higher gear you have to spin much faster (with less force) to reach the same speed as in a lower gear with more force
W = F x S is the formula - there is no energy gain possible