I think that the actual procedure varies from country to country, but the basics are the same.
Before the actual donation there are a series of meetings to determine if the donor is healthy enough, and if they are a good enough match with the patient. This may take a few weeks, broken up into several meetings.
The actual procedure of bone marrow extraction is relatively simple, but it involves getting a general anasthetic. It takes a couple of days to fully recover, however your body replenishes the bone marrow in a very short time. You may have to return after a few months for a general checkup to make sure that you are fully recovered.